![]() ![]() Oropharyngeal isthmus (space between the palatoglossal arches)įor staging purposes, the lingual (anterior) surface of the epiglottis is excluded and instead classified as part of the larynx, and the nasopharyngeal (superior) surface of the soft palate is excluded and instead classified as part of the nasopharynx. The cricopharyngeal muscle has been considered to be either the transverse part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor, or a sepa. The origins include the: inferior margin of. The muscle is described in Grey’s Anatomy text as a large quadrilateral muscle that arises from four heads of origin (see Figure 1). The muscle is described as having two main parts, thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus, which originate from the oblique line of the thyroid lamina and lateral aspect of the cricoid cartilage respectively. It is well known that three external circular muscles (superior constrictor SC, middle constrictor MC, inferior constrictor IC) act as the sphincter, and three internal longitudinal muscles (the stylopharyngeus STP, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus) elevate the pharynx. The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is an unusual skeletal muscle in that it is very dynamic and complex in function. Valleculae (space between the base of tongue and epiglottis) The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is one of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. Glossotonsillar sulci (area between base of tongue/lingual tonsils and palatine tonsils) Tonsillar complex ( palatine tonsils, tonsillar fossae, and tonsillar pillars) The subsites of the oropharyngeal tissues include the following:īase (posterior third) of tongue (including lingual tonsils) Inferiorly: level of the hyoid bone or tip of epiglottis Interrelationships between the innervations from the laryngeal nerves and the pharyngeal plexus to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor. Now, the pharyngeal wall consists of three layers: the buccopharyngeal fascia is the most external layer, covering the pharynx and, inferiorly, it’s continuous with the pretracheal fascia. Superiorly: level of the soft palate free border Anteriorly: vertical plane defined by the circumvallate papillae, anterior tonsillar pillars, and border of hard and soft palate Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle Palatopharyngeus muscle Salpingopharyngeus muscle Stylopharyngeus muscle.
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